The FXR, a bile acid-activated nuclear receptor prominently expressed in the liver and intestine, regulates the expression of genes involved in cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis, hepatic lipogenesis, and inflammation, in addition to maintaining the intestinal barrier integrity, preventing bacterial translocation and preserving the gut microbiota eubiosis
Muscle Preservation Should Be Part of Every GLP-1 Conversation One of the biggest patient concerns with GLP-1 and next-generation obesity medications is muscle loss
Strikingly, simply increasing mitochondrial GSH levels by expressing mito-GSHf in SLC25A39/40 double knockout cells completely restored the reduced levels of mitochondrial translation machinery proteins, iron-sulfur containing proteins, and aconitase activity (Fig 4f,g)
Some individuals have genetic variants that enhance muscle protein synthesis, making creatine more effective