Characterization methods and instruments The prepared Ag-NPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultravioletvisible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)
In cancer therapeutics, polypeptide PESV synergizes with driamycin to reverse multidrug resistance in leukemia K562/A02 stem cells by downregulating P-gp, BCRP, MDR1, and PI3K/NF-B pathway components (Yang et al., 2016)
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are products of bacterial metabolism, deriving from the fermentation of indigestible fibers
Importantly, there are numerous studies showing, through the regulation of the aforementioned transcription factors and more, that 4-HNE causes cell cycle arrest and inhibits the proliferation of malignant cells through the p53 and p21 dependent pathways (for review see ( Another important signalling metabolite that is generated through the cyclooxygenase-mediated peroxidation of PUFAs is malondialdehyde (MDA)