When you push your limits, your body naturally produces oxidative stress, which can lead to fatigue and slower recovery times if not managed properly
Reported pathways include TGF- signaling, antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), extracellular-matrix gene expression (collagen types I and III, decorin, perlecan), and inflammatory cytokine modulation
In response to herbivorous insect attack or wounding at local leaves, wound signaling molecules are released at the damaged plant cells, and may bind corresponding receptors to trigger propagation of slow wave potentials (SWPs) 6,7,8,9 , initiate transmission of cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca 2+ ] cyt ) 10,11,12,13,14,15 , and consequently activate biosynthesis of defensive phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA), thereby mediating expression of defense-responsive genes for systemic defense responses in plants 7,8,11,12,16,17,18
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