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Mitochondrial insufficiency is aggravated by the mis-trafficking of the energy sensor AMPK away from the lysosomal surface
Surgical treatments specifically primary and revision hip and knee arthroplasty are also increasing
Notably, most clinical investigations studied women (1404 female versus 83 male participants), which is expected since estrogen declines after age 30 years, and further estrogen decline with aging represents health challenges, as well as a reduction in QOL [9, 10, 19,20,21,22] and a degradation in the most visible organ of the bodythe skin [9, 10]