This review aims to integrate the latest research findings, systematically analyze the multilayered impacts of diabetes on spermatogenesis, and focus on cutting-edge mechanisms such as oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, apoptosis, microcirculatory impairment, and epigenetics
This transition involves upregulation of markers such as CD206, Arg1, and IL-10, enhanced efferocytosis of apoptotic cells, and secretion of growth factors like VEGF, TGF-, and FGF2, which promote angiogenesis, fibroblast activation, and ECM remodeling [41]
Effect of selenium and vitamin E on risk of prostate cancer and other cancers: The selenium and vitamin E cancer prevention trial (SELECT)
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