These include: Neurological symptoms : tingling or numbness in hands and feet (peripheral neuropathy), difficulty walking or balance problems, memory difficulties, or mood changes including depression Haematological signs : persistent fatigue, weakness, pale or jaundiced skin, or shortness of breath Glossitis : a sore, red, smooth tongue Cognitive symptoms : difficulty concentrating, confusion, or "brain fog" Seek urgent medical attention if you experience rapidly worsening neurological symptoms, significant difficulty walking, severe paraesthesia, or marked cognitive decline, as these may require immediate assessment
However, no large-scale human clinical trials have confirmed these effects, so its use in people remains experimental and off-label
Yes, long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as omeprazole can impair B12 absorption by reducing gastric acid production
Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water in a controlled laboratory setting only