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While glutamate is required for regular brain activity, excess glutamate and glutathione depletion can cause brain damage

Similar content being viewed by others Subjects Introduction Intestinal metabolism implies the metabolic processes exclusively occurring within the intestines that facilitate the breakdown and absorption of dietary nutrients and xenobiotics, entailing a multifaceted interaction between the host and the gut bacteria

13 This provides the basis for augmenting GSH concentrations against a wide variety of pathophysiologic states, including hepatic dysfunction or cirrhosis, or conditions affecting the epithelial cells, which can use exogenous GSH for protection

Mitochondrial morphology analysis The mitochondrial morphology of HCC and PCa cells was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (FEI, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA) as described previously