According to USDA Agricultural Research Service data based on NHANES, approximately 6% of adults aged 60 and older in the United States are vitamin B12 deficient, defined as plasma B12 below 148 pmol/L (2009)
It carries one of the broadest published mechanistic literatures of any healing peptide, including a 2025 literature and patent review in Pharmaceuticals covering its angiogenesis and nitric-oxide effects, giving it a longer research track record than the other six compounds on this list
Ozempic is prescribed to manage Type 2 diabetes the weight loss side effect a happy-accident discovery. Science Alert reported on clinical trials showing Wegovy patients lost about 15% of their body weight in about 16 months, considerably more than patients on other types of weight loss drugs
Presented at the American Heart Associations 2023 Scientific Sessions (1113 November, Philadelphia, USA), the results of the SELECT trial showed that overweight or obese people without diabetes taking semaglutide for more than three years had a 20% lower risk of heart attack, stroke or death due to cardiovascular disease and lost an average of 9.4% of their body weight
