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doi: 10.1007/s11306-020-01744-5 Summary Keywords human gastrointestinal microbiome, gut-brain axis, neuroimmunomodulation, enteric nervous system, neurogenic inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, neuropathology, neuroinflammatory disease Citation Warren A, Nyavor Y, Zarabian N, Mahoney A and Frame LA (2024) The microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases: a narrative review of the emerging literature
When you swallow a B12 pill, several steps have to work for it to be absorbed: stomach acid and the enzyme pepsin must release B12 from food or the supplement, the stomach must secrete a protein called intrinsic factor that binds to B12, and the B12-intrinsic factor complex must reach the ileum (the end of the small intestine) where it is finally absorbed
It is still under pre-clinical and clinical development and has not been approved for therapeutic use or any treatment plan by any government health authority or drug administration agency
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