Diabetes Therapy , 14 (5), 1243-1257
These agents include: Tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound though technically a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist) Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus) Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda) Dulaglutide (Trulicity) Exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon) They are widely used in both endocrinology and obesity medicine for managing diabetes, weight, and cardiovascular risk
So it was very important for our chain of thought and decision early on that we actually knew that GLP-1 had these separate effects and that they could work in the brain and have a separate effect on well-known pathways in the brain
Thus, we determined ER-stress response genes Xbp1 and the ER chaperone heat shock 70 kDa protein 5 (HSPA5, previously known as immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein [BIP]), inflammation-responsive genes IL6 and IL1, and hypoxia-responsive genes hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 (HIF1) and GAPDH