Amphetamine-induced depression may be associated with changes in the monoaminergic and glutamatergic systems, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, chronic stress, increased inflammation, decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and impacts on synaptic function, neuroplasticity, autophagy, and neurogenesis
Glucocorticoids increase neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide gene expression via adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling in the arcuate nucleus of rats
Whats your view: Should secondary patents face stricter scrutiny, or are they essential to protect long-term R&D investment
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