canephora robusta, seed, 45% chlorogenic acids): 200 mg L-carnitine L-tartrate: 100 mg L-theanine: 100 mg Cocoa extract (Theobroma cacao, seed, 6% theobromine): 100 mg Black pepper extract (Piper nigrum, fruit, 95% piperine): 5 mg Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum, fruit): 5 mg *RI - Reference Intake Ingredients: Veggie capsule (hypromellose, titanium dioxide), cellulose, silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, caffeine anhydrous, green coffee extract, L-carnitine L-tartrate, L-theanine, cocoa extract, black pepper extract, cayenne pepper
A 2006 Child Neurology study noted reduced epilepsy seizures with L-Carnitine, indicating potential therapeutic use
The third term is the loss of cysteine in the reaction catalyzed by GCS that makes glutamyl-cysteine and the fourth term represents the loss of cysteine to other pathways (for example to sulfate and taurine)
Microbial Cell Factories