Data extraction Data extraction was conducted in duplicates and independently, using a standardized form to capture animal model details (species, strain, ASD model, sex, age), intervention type (dosage, route, frequency, duration), outcome measures (behavioral assessments, gene expression, neurotransmitters, immune signaling, hormonal measures, gut microbiota composition), and study limitations or any observed adverse effects on the animals
The search strategy was developed using keywords and Boolean operators such as rumen-protected methionine, methionine supplementation AND dairy cows, and methionine supplementation AND beef cattle. After retrieval, duplicate records, in vitro studies, literature reviews, and meta-analyses were removed
This causes insulin release, slows gastric emptying, and suppresses secretion of glucagon (a hormone that increases blood sugar)
Losing weight with GLP-1 medications might bring balance to hormones and ease estrogen-related issues like mood swings, bloating, or irregular periods