Metabolic regulation involves peptide hormones that convey information related to nutrient availability, energy status, and internal signaling balance
These supplements are not as intense as GLP-1 medications, however, some contain ingredients that increase GLP-1 production in the body
Gene ontology and pathway analysis To characterize the molecular and functional aspects of the DEGs, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed using the online DAVID database ( Gene set enrichment analysis Using trimmed means of M values, which are normalized count data, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed according to the methods described on the GSEA website ( Multiplex expression analysis Multiplex expression analysis was performed using RNAseqChef ( [14] to complement standard differential expression analysis by characterizing coordinated gene expression dynamics across treatment timing and recurrence status
MSC-derived Exos prolong corneal graft survival by prohibiting the Th1 signaling pathway, reducing chemokines like CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, and upregulating regulatory T cells (87, 101)