Unlike many peptides that act through a single well-defined receptor, GHK-Cu exerts its biological effects through multiple mechanisms including direct stimulation of collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, activation of antioxidant enzymes, modulation of metalloproteinase activity, promotion of angiogenesis, and broad regulation of gene expression across hundreds of genes involved in tissue repair, inflammation, and cellular protection
Specifically, individuals who stopped taking these medications showed a higher likelihood of heart-related complications compared to those who continued therapy
LimHJKimHRJeongSJYangHJRyuMSJeongDYet al
Wheeler TJ, Fell RD, Hauck MA (1994) Translocation of two glucose transporters in heart: effects of rotenone, uncouplers, workload, palmitate, insulin and anoxia