In June 2025, the European Medicines Agency officially recognized NAION as a very rare side effect of semaglutide after reviewing all data, concluding it may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people and recommending product information updates
Involvement of ERK1/2 pathway in BPC-157-induced cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation To explore whether the ERK1/2, JNK, or p38 pathway was involved in BPC-157-induced cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation, PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor), SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), and SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) were used
However, GIP biology is multimodal, and both GIPR agonism and antagonism provoke weight loss when administered together with GLP-1R agonists 3
This becomes particularly important for athletes following rigorous training schedules or participating in multi-day events