Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006
As put by the authors of a 2019 review on drug-phospholipid complexes, the combined affinity for fats and water means that phospholipids function as emulsifiers that enhance absorption and, therefore, bioavailability.4 Indeed, a 1990 human study found that a silymarin-phospholipid complex resulted in plasma levels of silybin (silymarin's main active component) that were more than double the amount provided by an equal quantity of pure silymarin 298ng/mL versus 102ng/mL per 120mg of silybin.34 Given the science behind phospholipid-based drug delivery, we can conclude that Life Extension is likely capable of delivering more per-dose silymarin, as well as isolated silybin, than either NOW or HUM (neither of which uses phospholipids)
NE neurons originate in the locus coeruleus (LC) of the brain and extend their axons through different regions such as the CNS cortex, hypothalamus, amygdala, cerebellum, and spinal cord to reach primary nerve centers or other neurons (Jovanovic et al., 2022)
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