Enhanced insulin signaling following weight loss has been associated with decreased circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-, and C-reactive protein, as well as improvements in endothelial and adipose tissue function ( In inflammatory arthritis, including PsA, improved insulin sensitivity has been independently associated with reduced disease activity and inflammatory burden, even after adjustment for changes in BMI ( Consistent with this concept, GLP-1RAs have been shown to directly modulate immune responses by reducing the secretion of key pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-, which are central drivers of inflammation in both PsO and PsA ( 3.4 Early PsA and future research directions Despite the promising metabolic and immunomodulatory effects observed in PsO, the role of GLP-1RAs in PsA, particularly in its early stages, remains largely unexplored

It also can reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, or death in adults with type 2 diabetes and heart disease
The incubation was incubated for 4 hr at 37oC
The cAMP signalling pathway activates CREB through PKA, p38 and MSK1 in NIH 3T3 cells