Serum levels of insulin, TC, TGs, GIP, and GLP-1 were measured using commercial assay kits
GLP-1 activation can reduce the pathological process of amyloid- plaque aggregation/deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation enhanced by neuroinflammation, thus preventing age-related neurodegenerative changes, such as decline of learning and memory (Li et al., 2012)
This small molecule compound demonstrates exceptional ability to block nicotinamide N-methyltransferase enzyme activity, preventing NAD+ depletion while activating sirtuin pathways associated with healthy aging and metabolic optimization
J Transl Med 17:154 Tsai SY, Chen HJ, Lio CF, Kuo CF, Kao AC, Wang WS, Yao WC, Chen C, Yang TY (2019) Increased risk of chronic fatigue syndrome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based retrospective cohort study